ACHE (acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group))

symbol:
ACHE
locus group:
protein-coding gene
location:
7q22.1
gene_family:
Blood group antigens
alias symbol:
None
alias name:
Yt blood group
entrez id:
43
ensembl gene id:
ENSG00000087085
ucsc gene id:
uc003uxi.4
refseq accession:
NM_015831
hgnc_id:
HGNC:108
approved reserved:
1989-06-02
7q22.1
基因染色体位置图

ACHE(乙酰胆碱酯酶,Acetylcholinesterase)是一种关键的水解酶,主要功能是分解神经递质乙酰胆碱(ACh),终止其在突触间隙的信号传递,确保神经肌肉接头和胆碱能神经系统的正常功能。其表达产物是一种糖蛋白,存在于突触后膜、红细胞膜及脑组织中,通过快速降解ACh(水解为胆碱和乙酸)维持神经信号的精确调控。ACHE的作用位点集中在胆碱能神经末梢、神经肌肉接头以及中枢神经系统(如大脑海马区和皮质),其活性直接影响肌肉收缩、记忆形成和自主神经功能。若ACHE发生突变(如错义突变或缺失),可能导致酶活性异常:活性过高会过度降解ACh,引发肌无力或认知障碍;活性过低则使ACh积累,导致过度兴奋甚至胆碱能危象(如有机磷中毒时的症状)。ACHE与阿尔茨海默病密切相关,患者脑内ACHE活性降低会加剧β-淀粉样蛋白沉积,而某些抑制剂(如多奈哌齐)通过部分阻断ACHE以缓解症状。ACHE属于羧酸酯酶家族(Carboxylesterase family),该家族成员多参与酯类代谢,具有相似的α/β水解酶折叠结构域和催化三联体(丝氨酸-组氨酸-天冬氨酸)。ACHE过表达可能导致胆碱能信号传导不足,影响学习记忆或引发心动过缓;而表达降低(如遗传缺陷或抑制剂作用)会引发ACh过量,表现为震颤、癫痫或呼吸麻痹。此外,ACHE水平异常可能间接影响其他神经递质系统(如多巴胺、GABA),因其代谢产物胆碱是合成磷脂和神经递质的前体。在昆虫中,ACHE是杀虫剂的主要靶标,其基因突变可导致抗药性。

Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and brain cholinergic synapses, and thus terminates signal transmission. It is also found on the red blood cell membranes, where it constitutes the Yt blood group antigen. Acetylcholinesterase exists in multiple molecular forms which possess similar catalytic properties, but differ in their oligomeric assembly and mode of cell attachment to the cell surface. It is encoded by the single ACHE gene, and the structural diversity in the gene products arises from alternative mRNA splicing, and post-translational associations of catalytic and structural subunits. The major form of acetylcholinesterase found in brain, muscle and other tissues is the hydrophilic species, which forms disulfide-linked oligomers with collagenous, or lipid-containing structural subunits. The other, alternatively spliced form, expressed primarily in the erythroid tissues, differs at the C-terminal end, and contains a cleavable hydrophobic peptide with a GPI-anchor site. It associates with the membranes through the phosphoinositide (PI) moieties added post-translationally. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

乙酰胆碱酯酶水解神经递质,乙酰胆碱在神经肌肉接头和脑胆碱能突触,从而终止信号传输。它也对红血细胞膜,在那里它构成了YT血型抗原中。乙酰胆碱酯酶存在其中具有相似的催化性质,但在他们的低聚组装和细胞附着到细胞表面的模式不同的多个分子形式。它是由单ACHE基因编码,并在基因产物的结构多样性来自替代的mRNA剪接,并催化与结构亚基翻译后协会产生。乙酰胆碱酯酶在脑,肌肉和其它组织中发现的主要形式是亲水性的物种,其形成二硫键连接的寡聚体与胶原,或含有??脂质的结构亚基。另外,可变剪接形式,主要表达在红细胞组织中,不同的C-末端,并包含一个GPI锚位点的裂解疏水肽。它关联通过磷酸肌醇(PI)膜中加入翻译后部分。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]

ACHE基因的碱基序列:[NCBI]
Loading Gene Browser...
ACHE基因的碱基突变:           仅显示部分snp
rs7636       rs8286       rs1056867       rs1799805       rs1799806       rs2396755       rs2571598       rs2571599       rs2571600       rs2733918       rs2733919       rs3757869       rs3757870       rs3757871       rs3808355       rs3808356       rs5886143      

ACHE基因在不同组织中的表达:    [UniProt]

基因在不同组织中的表达图
正向引物序列
正向Tm值
反向引物序列
反向Tm值
评分
GTAGACGCTACAACCTTCC
58
AACCTGGGTATAGGGTGTC
58
GGTTCCAGAAGTTTCCACTG
59
GACGACTTTCACAGACGGA
60
GAGACTTCCTCAGTGACACC
60
AAATACGAGCCCTCATCCT
58
GACTTCCTCAGTGACACCC
60
GACTAACGTACTGCTGAGC
58
GAGACTTCCTCAGTGACACC
60
CACCATGTAGGAGCTCCAG
60
GATACTGGGCCAACTTTGC
59
AGACTAACGTACTGCTGAGC
60
GATACTGGGCCAACTTTGC
59
GACTAACGTACTGCTGAGC
58
TAGACGCTACAACCTTCCAG
59
AAACCTGGGTATAGGGTGTC
59
AGACTTCCTCAGTGACACC
59
AAATACGAGCCCTCATCCT
58
AGACTTCCTCAGTGACACC
59
CACCATGTAGGAGCTCCAG
60
转录因子
影响基因
影响类型
参考文献链接(PubMed)
EGR1
ACHE
Unknown
TFAP2A
ACHE
Repression

ACHE基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:

[UniProt]     [GenomeNet]

" d="M482.414,245.296c3.539,4.293,4.455,10.009,0.202,11 c-4.244,0.996-4.983-10.983-8.293-8.438c-5.271,4.08,9.834,12.271,5.144,17.287c-3.717,3.607-6.172-5.75-10.839-1.976 c-4.673,3.776,6.781,7.299,2.831,11.326c-4.354,4.045-6.979-1.449-9.837-5.517c-1.193-1.742-2.059-3.851-3.595-2.748 c-1.516,1.078-1.854,1.795-0.938,3.666c2.374,4.854,9.235,10.119,5.156,12.535c-5.636,3.346-5.044-8.871-9.426-7.574 c-4.388,1.291,2.557,10.66-1.245,11.141c-4.089,0.545-3.483-10.239-6.979-8.575c-2.522,1.206-0.929,3.071-0.938,4.899 c0.004,1.32-0.964,3.6-2.372,4.062c-3.593,1.171-8.544-1.065-10.251-3.59c-6.04-8.93,0.396-15.997,4.639-7.015 c3.023,4.642,5.182,0.834,2.839-2.219c-1.032-1.354-4.309-5.901-0.781-7.252c2.904-1.113,4.271,1.941,5.985,4.592 c2.61,4.016,5.485,0.117,3.031-3.414c-1.828-2.633-2.74-3.803,3.156-7.42c6.405-4.369,6.52,3.869,10.077,0.646 c2.309-1.832-4.783-5.149,0.06-8.995c2.896-2.293,5.18,6.207,7.961,3.516c3.523-2.737-7.717-7.369,0.117-11.736 C473.413,240.77,480.519,242.891,482.414,245.296z"/> Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
  • 质膜
  • 细胞质
  • 细胞外
  • 高尔基体
  • 囊泡
  • 细胞骨架
  • 内质网
  • 细胞核
  • 内体
  • 溶酶体
  • 线粒体

ACHE基因的本体(GO)信息:

GO库代码
对应的蛋白质
来源代码
GO:0004104
C9J2S3 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0004104
C9JD78 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0016021
C9JUK5 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0004104
C9JZL6 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0004104
F8WAR7 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0004104
F8WD68 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0001507
P22303 (UniProtKB)
NAS
GO:0001540
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0001919
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0002076
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEP
GO:0003990
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0003990
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0003990
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0004104
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005515
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005518
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005576
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005576
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005605
P22303 (UniProtKB)
NAS
GO:0005615
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0005634
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0005794
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005886
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0006260
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0006581
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0006656
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0007155
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0007155
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0007399
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0007416
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0007517
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0008283
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0009611
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0009986
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0016020
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0016787
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0017171
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0030054
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0031225
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0031594
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0031623
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0032223
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IC
GO:0042136
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0042166
P22303 (UniProtKB)
NAS
GO:0042166
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0042803
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0042803
P22303 (UniProtKB)
NAS
GO:0042982
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0043083
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043236
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0043621
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0045202
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0045212
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0048471
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0050714
P22303 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0051262
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0060041
P22303 (UniProtKB)
IEA

可能调控 ACHE基因的相关microRNA:     

Reactome

MINT

BioGrid

IntAct

mentha

String

基因与其他基因之间的相互作用关系图
序号 作用方式 资源库来源/分值 基因名称 基因名称
疾病名称 关系值 NofPmids NofSnps 来源
疾病名称 关系值 NofPmids NofSnps 来源
Alzheimer's Disease 0.136535548 22 0 BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN
nervous system disorder 0.120271442 2 0 BeFree_CTD_human
Amyloidosis 0.120271442 2 0 BeFree_CTD_human
Prostatic Neoplasms 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Seizures 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Amphetamine-Related Disorders 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Mammary Neoplasms 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Muscular Dystrophy 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Movement Disorders 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Organophosphate poisoning 0.12 3 0 CTD_human

联系方式

山东省济南市章丘区文博路2号 齐鲁师范学院 genelibs生信实验室

山东省济南市高新区舜华路750号大学科技园北区F座4单元2楼

电话: 0531-88819269

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

微信公众号

关注微信订阅号,实时查看信息,关注医学生物学动态。