ACHE(乙酰胆碱酯酶,Acetylcholinesterase)是一种关键的水解酶,主要功能是分解神经递质乙酰胆碱(ACh),终止其在突触间隙的信号传递,确保神经肌肉接头和胆碱能神经系统的正常功能。其表达产物是一种糖蛋白,存在于突触后膜、红细胞膜及脑组织中,通过快速降解ACh(水解为胆碱和乙酸)维持神经信号的精确调控。ACHE的作用位点集中在胆碱能神经末梢、神经肌肉接头以及中枢神经系统(如大脑海马区和皮质),其活性直接影响肌肉收缩、记忆形成和自主神经功能。若ACHE发生突变(如错义突变或缺失),可能导致酶活性异常:活性过高会过度降解ACh,引发肌无力或认知障碍;活性过低则使ACh积累,导致过度兴奋甚至胆碱能危象(如有机磷中毒时的症状)。ACHE与阿尔茨海默病密切相关,患者脑内ACHE活性降低会加剧β-淀粉样蛋白沉积,而某些抑制剂(如多奈哌齐)通过部分阻断ACHE以缓解症状。ACHE属于羧酸酯酶家族(Carboxylesterase family),该家族成员多参与酯类代谢,具有相似的α/β水解酶折叠结构域和催化三联体(丝氨酸-组氨酸-天冬氨酸)。ACHE过表达可能导致胆碱能信号传导不足,影响学习记忆或引发心动过缓;而表达降低(如遗传缺陷或抑制剂作用)会引发ACh过量,表现为震颤、癫痫或呼吸麻痹。此外,ACHE水平异常可能间接影响其他神经递质系统(如多巴胺、GABA),因其代谢产物胆碱是合成磷脂和神经递质的前体。在昆虫中,ACHE是杀虫剂的主要靶标,其基因突变可导致抗药性。
Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and brain cholinergic synapses, and thus terminates signal transmission. It is also found on the red blood cell membranes, where it constitutes the Yt blood group antigen. Acetylcholinesterase exists in multiple molecular forms which possess similar catalytic properties, but differ in their oligomeric assembly and mode of cell attachment to the cell surface. It is encoded by the single ACHE gene, and the structural diversity in the gene products arises from alternative mRNA splicing, and post-translational associations of catalytic and structural subunits. The major form of acetylcholinesterase found in brain, muscle and other tissues is the hydrophilic species, which forms disulfide-linked oligomers with collagenous, or lipid-containing structural subunits. The other, alternatively spliced form, expressed primarily in the erythroid tissues, differs at the C-terminal end, and contains a cleavable hydrophobic peptide with a GPI-anchor site. It associates with the membranes through the phosphoinositide (PI) moieties added post-translationally. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
乙酰胆碱酯酶水解神经递质,乙酰胆碱在神经肌肉接头和脑胆碱能突触,从而终止信号传输。它也对红血细胞膜,在那里它构成了YT血型抗原中。乙酰胆碱酯酶存在其中具有相似的催化性质,但在他们的低聚组装和细胞附着到细胞表面的模式不同的多个分子形式。它是由单ACHE基因编码,并在基因产物的结构多样性来自替代的mRNA剪接,并催化与结构亚基翻译后协会产生。乙酰胆碱酯酶在脑,肌肉和其它组织中发现的主要形式是亲水性的物种,其形成二硫键连接的寡聚体与胶原,或含有??脂质的结构亚基。另外,可变剪接形式,主要表达在红细胞组织中,不同的C-末端,并包含一个GPI锚位点的裂解疏水肽。它关联通过磷酸肌醇(PI)膜中加入翻译后部分。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
ACHE基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ACHE基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
564 Glycerophospholipid metabolism [PATH:hsa00564] |
4725 Cholinergic synapse [PATH:hsa04725] |
名称 |
---|
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis |
Metabolism |
Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins |
Metabolism of proteins |
Neuronal System |
Neurotransmitter Clearance In The Synaptic Cleft |
Peptide hormone metabolism |
Phospholipid metabolism |
Synthesis of PC |
Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin |
Transmission across Chemical Synapses |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Alzheimer's Disease | 0.136535548 | 22 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
nervous system disorder | 0.120271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Amyloidosis | 0.120271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Prostatic Neoplasms | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Seizures | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Amphetamine-Related Disorders | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Mammary Neoplasms | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Muscular Dystrophy | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Movement Disorders | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Organophosphate poisoning | 0.12 | 3 | 0 | CTD_human |
山东省济南市章丘区文博路2号 齐鲁师范学院 genelibs生信实验室
山东省济南市高新区舜华路750号大学科技园北区F座4单元2楼
电话: 0531-88819269
E-mail: product@genelibs.com
关注微信订阅号,实时查看信息,关注医学生物学动态。