ACTN4(α-actinin-4)是一种细胞骨架蛋白,属于α-actinin基因家族,该家族成员(如ACTN1-4)的共同特点是能够通过其肌动蛋白结合域(actin-binding domain)交联肌动蛋白纤维(F-actin),参与细胞形态维持、运动及粘附等功能。ACTN4主要表达于肾脏足细胞(podocyte)、肌肉组织及部分上皮细胞,其核心功能是稳定细胞骨架网络,尤其在肾脏足细胞中通过锚定肌动蛋白至细胞膜(如与synaptopodin和CD2AP等蛋白互作)维持肾小球滤过屏障的完整性。该基因的突变(如错义突变R310Q)会导致蛋白错误折叠或与肌动蛋白结合能力下降,引发家族性局灶节段性肾小球硬化(FSGS),表现为足细胞损伤、蛋白尿及肾功能衰竭。此外,ACTN4过表达常见于多种癌症(如乳腺癌、肺癌),通过增强肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭(与上皮-间质转化EMT相关)促进转移;而敲低表达则可能破坏细胞极性(cell polarity)并诱发凋亡。在基因家族层面,α-actinin成员均含有保守的N端肌动蛋白结合域、中央杆状区(rod domain)和C端钙调蛋白样结构域(calmodulin-like domain),但ACTN4因缺乏EF手型钙离子结合位点(EF-hand),其功能不受钙浓度调节,区别于肌肉特异性成员(如ACTN2/3)。研究还发现ACTN4与转录因子(如NF-κB)存在互作,可能参与炎症信号调控,但其机制尚待深入探索。
Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a nonmuscle, alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm, and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Alpha的actinins属于血影基因超家族代表不同群体的细胞骨架蛋白,包括α和βspectrins和dystrophins。阿尔法辅肌动蛋白是用在不同的细胞类型的多个角色的肌动蛋白结合蛋白。在非肌肉细胞中,细胞骨架同种型是沿着微丝束和粘着型结,它是参与结合肌动蛋白的膜中发现。与此相反,骨骼肌,心肌,和平滑肌亚型被定位于Z盘和类似的致密体,在那里它们帮助锚定的肌原纤维肌动蛋白丝。该基因编码一种集中在细胞质中,并且被认为参与转移性处理的非肌肉,α-辅肌动蛋白同种型。在这种基因突变与局灶性节段性肾小球硬化有关。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
ACTN4基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ACTN4基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton [PATH:hsa04810] |
4510 Focal adhesion [PATH:hsa04510] |
4520 Adherens junction [PATH:hsa04520] |
4530 Tight junction [PATH:hsa04530] |
4670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration [PATH:hsa04670] |
5203 Viral carcinogenesis [PATH:hsa05203] |
5322 Systemic lupus erythematosus [PATH:hsa05322] |
5412 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) [PATH:hsa05412] |
5146 Amoebiasis [PATH:hsa05146] |
名称 |
---|
Cell-Cell communication |
Hemostasis |
Nephrin interactions |
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation |
Platelet degranulation |
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Focal glomerulosclerosis | 0.252973128 | 20 | 4 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
Segmental glomerulosclerosis | 0.201900093 | 9 | 3 | BeFree_MGD_UNIPROT |
Animal Mammary Neoplasms | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Diabetic Nephropathy | 0.0089015 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
Proteinuria | 0.005091382 | 2 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
Kidney Diseases | 0.004538567 | 9 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal | 0.002995792 | 1 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
Kidney Failure | 0.002714419 | 10 | 0 | BeFree |
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent | 0.002638474 | 1 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
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