ATP2B4基因编码一种称为质膜钙转运ATP酶4(PMCA4)的蛋白质,属于P型ATP酶家族中的ATP2B基因家族。这个家族共有四个成员(ATP2B1-4),它们的主要功能是通过水解ATP将钙离子(Ca²⁺)从细胞质中主动转运到细胞外,从而维持细胞内钙离子浓度的稳态。PMCA4广泛分布于多种组织中,尤其在红细胞、心脏、骨骼肌和睾丸中表达较高。它在红细胞膜上特别重要,负责调节细胞内钙水平,防止钙超载导致的细胞损伤。PMCA4还参与多种生理过程,如肌肉收缩、神经信号传导和精子运动。突变或功能异常可能导致红细胞形态异常(如遗传性球形红细胞增多症)或心血管疾病。研究发现,某些ATP2B4基因多态性与疟疾易感性相关,尤其在非洲人群中,这可能是因为PMCA4影响红细胞对疟原虫感染的抵抗力。过表达PMCA4可能增强钙清除能力,但可能干扰钙依赖性信号通路(如一氧化氮合成酶调控),导致血管功能异常;而表达降低则可能引发细胞内钙积累,诱发细胞凋亡或影响精子活力。ATP2B基因家族的共性包括:均具有10个跨膜结构域、依赖ATP的钙转运活性,以及受钙调蛋白(calmodulin)调控的特性。此外,PMCA4与钙信号相关蛋白(如神经元一氧化氮合酶)的相互作用,使其在心血管和神经系统疾病中具有潜在研究价值。
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type primary ion transport ATPases characterized by the formation of an aspartyl phosphate intermediate during the reaction cycle. These enzymes remove bivalent calcium ions from eukaryotic cells against very large concentration gradients and play a critical role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. The mammalian plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoforms are encoded by at least four separate genes and the diversity of these enzymes is further increased by alternative splicing of transcripts. The expression of different isoforms and splice variants is regulated in a developmental, tissue- and cell type-specific manner, suggesting that these pumps are functionally adapted to the physiological needs of particular cells and tissues. This gene encodes the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 4. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
由该基因编码的蛋白质属于家庭P型初级离子迁移ATP酶特征天冬氨酰磷酸的反应周期期间中间体的形成。这些酶移除真核细胞中的二价钙离子对非常大的浓度梯度,发挥细胞内钙稳态的关键作用。哺乳动物质膜钙ATP酶同种型是通过至少四个分开的基因编码,并且这些酶的多样性被进一步增加转录物的可变剪接。不同同种型和剪接变体的表达在发育,组织 - 和细胞类型特异性的方式被限制,这表明这些泵在功能上适用于特定的细胞和组织的生理需要。该基因编码质膜钙ATP酶同种型可替代地剪接转录变体编码不同同种型也已确定。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
ATP2B4基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ATP2B4基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4020 Calcium signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04020] |
4024 cAMP signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04024] |
4022 cGMP - PKG signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04022] |
4261 Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes [PATH:hsa04261] |
4970 Salivary secretion [PATH:hsa04970] |
4972 Pancreatic secretion [PATH:hsa04972] |
名称 |
---|
Hemostasis |
Ion channel transport |
Ion transport by P-type ATPases |
Platelet calcium homeostasis |
Platelet homeostasis |
Reduction of cytosolic Ca++ levels |
Transmembrane transport of small molecules |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Malaria | 0.120542884 | 3 | 1 | BeFree_GWASCAT |
Dystonia | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
Schizophrenia | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
Scoliosis, unspecified | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
Hypertensive disease | 0.002638474 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Tobacco Use Disorder | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural | 0.000814326 | 3 | 0 | BeFree |
Colon Carcinoma | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
Malignant tumor of colon | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
Autistic Disorder | 0.000542884 | 2 | 0 | BeFree |
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