AZIN2（抗酶抑制剂2）属于抗酶抑制剂基因家族，该家族还包括AZIN1等成员。这个基因家族的主要共性是编码能够调节多胺生物合成途径的蛋白质，通过抑制抗酶（ODC抗酶）来间接影响多胺水平。多胺是细胞生长、增殖和分化所必需的小分子，参与多种生理过程。AZIN2主要在睾丸、大脑和肝脏中表达，其表达产物通过与抗酶结合，阻止抗酶降解鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC），从而维持ODC的活性并促进多胺合成。AZIN2的生物学功能涉及精子发生、神经发育和肝脏代谢等过程。研究表明，AZIN2在精子发生中起关键作用，其表达水平异常可能导致男性不育。在大脑中，AZIN2参与神经元的发育和功能维持，可能与某些神经退行性疾病相关。AZIN2突变可能影响其与抗酶的结合能力，导致多胺代谢紊乱，进而影响细胞增殖和分化。例如，某些突变可能降低AZIN2的活性，减少多胺合成，从而抑制细胞生长；而其他突变可能导致AZIN2过度活跃，增加多胺水平，促进肿瘤发生。AZIN2的过表达与多种癌症相关，如肝癌和神经母细胞瘤，可能通过激活多胺通路促进肿瘤细胞增殖。相反，AZIN2表达降低可能影响精子发生或神经功能，导致生育障碍或神经系统异常。此外，AZIN2与AZIN1功能部分重叠，但组织分布和调控机制不同，AZIN2在某些特定组织如睾丸和大脑中的作用更为突出。研究还发现AZIN2可能通过影响其他基因的表达或信号通路（如MAPK和mTOR）来调控细胞命运。总体而言，AZIN2是多胺代谢的关键调节因子，其功能异常与生殖、神经和肿瘤疾病密切相关，是潜在的治疗靶点。

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. Accumulation of antizyme inhibitor 2 has also been observed in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

由该基因编码的蛋白质属于抗酶抑制剂家族，其在细胞生长和增殖的细胞内保持多胺动态平衡的作用。抗酶抑制剂鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC，在多胺生物合成的关键酶）已经失去了鸟氨酸脱羧酶的能力的同源物;然而，保留结合antizymes的能力。 Antizymes负面通过结合到ODC和定位使其降解，以及通过抑制多胺摄取细胞内的多胺的水平调节。抗酶抑制剂，通过螯合antizymes和中和其效果功能多胺水平是积极的监管机构。该基因编码抗酶抑制剂2，该基因家族的第二个成员。像抗酶抑制剂1，抗酶抑制剂相互作用2与所有3 antizymes，刺激ODC活性和多胺的吸收。然而，与抗酶抑制物1，这是普遍表达，并在细胞核和细胞质中，抗酶抑制剂2在脑和睾丸中表达，并在内质网高尔基中间隔间本地化。最近的研究表明，抗酶抑制剂2在卵巢，肾上腺和胰腺的特定细胞类型中也表达，并且在肥大细胞。该基因的确切功能尚不清楚，但是，可用的数据表明其在细胞生长，精子，囊泡运输和分泌的作用。的抗酶抑制剂2积累也已经在患有阿尔茨海默氏病的大脑观察。目前已在文学和数据库混乱这个基因的命名，从早期的报告所产生的人cDNA克隆（等同于ODCp / AZIN2）有精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）活动（结论：14738999）。在人类和小鼠随后的研究表明，抗酶抑制剂2是缺乏精氨酸脱羧酶活性（PMID：19956990）的。可变剪接转录物变体已被用于这个基因说明。 [由RefSeq的，2014年9月提供]

AZIN2基因在不同组织中的表达：    [UniProt]

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