CCR5(C-C趋化因子受体5,C-C chemokine receptor 5)是一种位于细胞膜上的G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR),属于趋化因子受体家族。它主要在免疫细胞(如T细胞、巨噬细胞和树突状细胞)表面表达,负责识别并结合特定的趋化因子(如CCL3、CCL4和CCL5),从而介导免疫细胞的迁移和炎症反应。CCR5在免疫防御、炎症调节和病毒感染中起关键作用,尤其作为HIV-1病毒入侵宿主细胞的主要共受体之一,与CD4分子共同介导病毒进入细胞。CCR5的功能特点包括其跨膜结构和信号传导能力,通过激活下游信号通路(如MAPK和PI3K)调控细胞迁移和免疫应答。CCR5的突变(如Δ32突变)会导致受体功能缺失,使细胞对HIV-1感染产生抗性,这种突变在某些人群中与艾滋病(AIDS)的低风险相关。此外,CCR5的异常表达与多种疾病相关,例如类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症和某些癌症,其过表达可能加剧炎症或肿瘤转移,而表达降低则可能影响免疫监视功能。CCR5属于趋化因子受体家族(Chemokine receptor family),该家族成员均通过结合趋化因子调控免疫细胞的趋化性和活化。基因编辑技术(如CRISPR)靶向CCR5的研究为艾滋病治疗提供了新思路,例如“柏林病人”和“伦敦病人”通过CCR5缺失的造血干细胞移植实现了HIV治愈。目前,CCR5拮抗剂(如马拉维诺克)已用于临床抗HIV治疗。
This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which is predicted to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. This protein is expressed by T cells and macrophages, and is known to be an important co-receptor for macrophage-tropic virus, including HIV, to enter host cells. Defective alleles of this gene have been associated with the HIV infection resistance. The ligands of this receptor include monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP-2), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta) and regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES). Expression of this gene was also detected in a promyeloblastic cell line, suggesting that this protein may play a role in granulocyte lineage proliferation and differentiation. This gene is located at the chemokine receptor gene cluster region. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
该基因编码的测试趋化因子受体家族,其被预测为类似于G蛋白偶联受体具有七次跨膜蛋白的成员。该蛋白质是由T细胞和巨噬细胞中表达,并且被称为是一个重要的共同受体为巨噬细胞热带病毒,包括HIV,进入宿主细胞。这种基因有缺陷的等位基因已与艾滋病毒感染的抵抗力有关。该受体的配体包括单核细胞趋化蛋白2(MCP-2),巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1α(MIP-1α),巨噬细胞炎性蛋白1β(MIP-1β)和调节活化正常T表达和分泌蛋白( RANTES)。在一个promyeloblastic细胞系也检测出该基因的表达,这表明该蛋白可能在粒细胞增殖和分化的作用。该基因位于趋化因子受体基因簇的区域。已发现了该基因编码的蛋白质相同的两个转录变异体。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
CCR5基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
CCR5基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction [PATH:hsa04060] |
4144 Endocytosis [PATH:hsa04144] |
4062 Chemokine signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04062] |
5203 Viral carcinogenesis [PATH:hsa05203] |
5145 Toxoplasmosis [PATH:hsa05145] |
名称 |
---|
Binding and entry of HIV virion |
Chemokine receptors bind chemokines |
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) |
Disease |
Early Phase of HIV Life Cycle |
G alpha (i) signalling events |
GPCR downstream signaling |
GPCR ligand binding |
HIV Infection |
HIV Life Cycle |
Infectious disease |
Peptide ligand-binding receptors |
Signal Transduction |
Signaling by GPCR |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
HIV Infections | 0.184519152 | 861 | 4 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
Hepatitis C | 0.158739038 | 24 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
IGA Glomerulonephritis | 0.130725648 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
West Nile Fever | 0.124734064 | 2 | 0 | CTD_human_GAD |
Nephritis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Dermatitis, Atopic | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Acute kidney injury | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN-DEPENDENT, 22 (disorder) | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | CTD_human |
Inflammation | 0.10367032 | 11 | 0 | GAD_RGD |
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent | 0.101922116 | 14 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_RGD |
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