CD44是一种广泛表达的细胞表面糖蛋白,属于透明质酸受体家族(Hyaluronan Receptor Family),主要功能是介导细胞与细胞外基质(ECM)的黏附,尤其是与透明质酸(Hyaluronan, HA)结合。其表达产物是一种跨膜蛋白,参与细胞迁移、增殖、炎症反应和免疫应答等多种生物学过程。CD44的生物学特点包括可变剪接(alternative splicing),能产生多种异构体(如CD44s标准型和CD44v变异型),这些异构体在不同组织中具有特异性功能。主要作用位点包括细胞膜表面,通过与配体(如透明质酸、骨桥蛋白等)相互作用调控信号通路(如ERK、PI3K/AKT)。CD44突变可能导致其黏附功能异常,与肿瘤转移、炎症性疾病(如类风湿关节炎)和免疫缺陷相关。例如,CD44表达异常与多种癌症(如乳腺癌、结肠癌)的侵袭性和不良预后相关,其过表达可能促进肿瘤细胞迁移和转移,而降低表达可能削弱免疫细胞(如T细胞)的激活和归巢能力。CD44还参与干细胞维持,在肿瘤干细胞(CSCs)中高表达可能促进耐药性和复发。该基因家族(透明质酸受体家族)的共性是通过结合透明质酸调控细胞-基质相互作用,影响细胞行为和微环境。若CD44过表达,可能增强肿瘤细胞的转移潜能或过度激活炎症反应;若表达不足,可能导致组织修复障碍或免疫应答缺陷。专业术语解释:可变剪接(同一基因产生不同mRNA的过程)、异构体(结构不同的蛋白质变体)、归巢(免疫细胞定向迁移至特定组织)。英文注释:透明质酸(Hyaluronan)、细胞外基质(Extracellular Matrix, ECM)、肿瘤干细胞(Cancer Stem Cells, CSCs)。
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This protein participates in a wide variety of cellular functions including lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. Transcripts for this gene undergo complex alternative splicing that results in many functionally distinct isoforms, however, the full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing is the basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
由该基因编码的蛋白质是参与细胞 - 细胞相互作用,细胞粘附和迁移的细胞表面糖蛋白。它是透明质酸(HA)的受体,也可以与其它配位体,如骨桥蛋白,胶原,和基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)相互作用。该蛋白参与了多种细胞功能,包括淋巴细胞的活化,再循环和归巢,造血和肿瘤转移。此基因的转录进行复杂的可变剪接,其导致许多功能不同的同种型,但是,其中的一些变体的全长性质尚未确定。选择性剪接是该蛋白质的结构和功能多样性的基础,并且可能与肿瘤转移。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
CD44基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
CD44基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4512 ECM-receptor interaction [PATH:hsa04512] |
4640 Hematopoietic cell lineage [PATH:hsa04640] |
5206 MicroRNAs in cancer [PATH:hsa05206] |
5205 Proteoglycans in cancer [PATH:hsa05205] |
5131 Shigellosis [PATH:hsa05131] |
5169 Epstein-Barr virus infection [PATH:hsa05169] |
名称 |
---|
Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall |
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system |
Degradation of the extracellular matrix |
Extracellular matrix organization |
Gene Expression |
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism |
Hemostasis |
Hyaluronan metabolism |
Hyaluronan uptake and degradation |
Immune System |
Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 mRNA Binding Proteins (IGF2BPs/IMPs/VICKZs) bind RNA |
Integrin cell surface interactions |
Interferon gamma signaling |
Interferon Signaling |
Metabolism |
Metabolism of carbohydrates |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Neoplasm Metastasis | 0.193600473 | 236 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_LHGDN |
Stomach Neoplasms | 0.125991584 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_LHGDN |
Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute | 0.125981653 | 13 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_LHGDN |
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia | 0.12272435 | 3 | 0 | CTD_human_LHGDN |
Pancreatic Neoplasm | 0.120814326 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Dermatologic disorders | 0.120542884 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human |
Contact Dermatitis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Peripheral Neuropathy | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Nerve Degeneration | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Vitiligo | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
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