GJA1基因编码连接蛋白43(Connexin 43,简称Cx43),属于连接蛋白(connexin)基因家族。连接蛋白家族是一组跨膜蛋白,主要功能是形成间隙连接(gap junction),介导细胞间的直接通讯,允许小分子、离子和代谢物在相邻细胞间传递,对组织协调、发育和稳态维持至关重要。GJA1是连接蛋白家族中最广泛表达的成员之一,在心脏、脑、皮肤、骨骼等多种组织中发挥关键作用。在心脏中,Cx43形成的间隙连接确保心肌细胞的电耦合,维持正常心律;在中枢神经系统,它参与神经胶质细胞的信号传递;在骨骼发育中,调控成骨细胞和软骨细胞的功能。GJA1突变可导致多种疾病,例如突变可能引发罕见的心皮肤综合征(如oculodentodigital dysplasia,ODDD),表现为心脏传导异常、手指/脚趾畸形、牙齿和眼睛发育缺陷。此外,Cx43功能异常与心律失常、伤口愈合障碍、听力损失及某些癌症(如胶质瘤)相关。GJA1过表达可能增强细胞间通讯,但异常高表达在某些肿瘤中促进侵袭性;而表达降低或功能缺失会导致电传导障碍(如心肌梗死后的心律失常)、骨骼发育异常或神经功能缺陷。该基因的调控还涉及炎症反应和组织修复,例如在缺血或损伤后,Cx43的表达变化可能影响修复过程。连接蛋白家族的共性包括:均含4个跨膜结构域,形成六聚体“连接子”(connexon),通过配对构建细胞间通道;其功能受磷酸化、pH值等因素动态调节。GJA1因其广泛分布和多重功能,成为研究细胞通讯与疾病的重要靶点。
This gene is a member of the connexin gene family. The encoded protein is a component of gap junctions, which are composed of arrays of intercellular channels that provide a route for the diffusion of low molecular weight materials from cell to cell. The encoded protein is the major protein of gap junctions in the heart that are thought to have a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in embryonic development. A related intronless pseudogene has been mapped to chromosome 5. Mutations in this gene have been associated with oculodentodigital dysplasia, autosomal recessive craniometaphyseal dysplasia and heart malformations. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]
此基因是连接蛋白基因家族的一个成员。所编码的蛋白质是间隙连接,这是由提供用于低分子量物质从细胞到细胞的扩散的路径间的通道阵列的一个组成部分。所编码的蛋白质是在心脏间隙连接,被认为是在心脏的同步的收缩和在胚胎发育至关重要的作用的主要蛋白质。一个相关的内含子假基因已被定位于染色体5.此基因的突变已与oculodentodigital发育不良,常染色体隐性craniometaphyseal发育不良和心脏畸形。 [由RefSeq的,2014年5月提供]
GJA1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
GJA1基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
4540 Gap junction [PATH:hsa04540] |
5412 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) [PATH:hsa05412] |
名称 |
---|
c-src mediated regulation of Cx43 function and closure of gap junctions |
Formation of annular gap junctions |
Gap junction assembly |
Gap junction degradation |
Gap junction trafficking |
Gap junction trafficking and regulation |
Membrane Trafficking |
Microtubule-dependent trafficking of connexons from Golgi to the plasma membrane |
Oligomerization of connexins into connexons |
Regulation of gap junction activity |
Transport of connexins along the secretory pathway |
Transport of connexons to the plasma membrane |
Vesicle-mediated transport |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Oculo-dento-digital syndrome | 0.573843535 | 55 | 10 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome | 0.482367032 | 1 | 2 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_GAD_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
SYNDACTYLY, TYPE III | 0.480542884 | 3 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Hallermann's Syndrome | 0.243267234 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_LHGDN_UNIPROT |
Erythrokeratodermia variabilis | 0.240542884 | 2 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR_ORPHANET |
ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT 3 | 0.24 | 1 | 1 | CTD_human_UNIPROT |
Oculodentodigital Dysplasia, Autosomal Recessive | 0.24 | 0 | 2 | CLINVAR_CTD_human |
Hypertensive disease | 0.200271442 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_RGD |
Cardiac Arrhythmia | 0.2 | 3 | 0 | CTD_human_RGD |
Prostatic Neoplasms | 0.122995792 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_LHGDN |
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