GJB2(间隙连接蛋白β2)是编码连接蛋白26(Connexin 26)的基因,属于连接蛋白基因家族(Connexin gene family)。该家族成员编码的蛋白质形成间隙连接通道,允许细胞间直接交换小分子和离子,对细胞通讯和组织稳态至关重要。GJB2主要在耳蜗、皮肤和肝脏等组织中表达,其产物Connexin 26是内耳中钾离子循环的关键组分,对维持听力功能至关重要。GJB2突变是导致非综合征性遗传性耳聋(如DFNB1型)的最常见原因,全球约50%的先天性耳聋病例与此基因突变相关。常见的致病突变包括35delG、167delT和235delC,这些突变可能导致蛋白质功能丧失或异常间隙连接形成,破坏耳蜗内电位平衡,最终引起感音神经性听力损失。GJB2突变也可能与某些皮肤病(如掌跖角化病)和罕见综合征(如角膜炎-鱼鳞病-耳聋综合征)相关。GJB2过表达在某些情况下可能增强细胞间通讯,但异常高表达可能与肿瘤发生相关,如乳腺癌和胶质瘤。相反,GJB2表达降低或缺失会严重影响耳蜗功能,导致听力障碍,并可能影响皮肤屏障功能。该基因常以常染色体隐性方式遗传,携带者通常表现正常。连接蛋白家族成员(如GJB1、GJB3等)都具有四个跨膜结构域,形成六聚体连接子,但组织分布和功能各有侧重。GJB2相关耳聋可通过新生儿基因筛查早期发现,部分病例可能受益于人工耳蜗植入。研究还发现GJB2与其他听力相关基因(如GJB6)存在相互作用,共同突变可能导致更严重的表型。
This gene encodes a member of the gap junction protein family. The gap junctions were first characterized by electron microscopy as regionally specialized structures on plasma membranes of contacting adherent cells. These structures were shown to consist of cell-to-cell channels that facilitate the transfer of ions and small molecules between cells. The gap junction proteins, also known as connexins, purified from fractions of enriched gap junctions from different tissues differ. According to sequence similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, the gap junction proteins are divided into two categories, alpha and beta. Mutations in this gene are responsible for as much as 50% of pre-lingual, recessive deafness. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]
该基因编码的间隙连接蛋白家族的一个成员。间隙连接是第一上接触粘附细胞质膜特征在于电子显微镜区域专门结构。分别示出这些结构包括有利于离??子小区之间的转移和小分子的细胞 - 细胞通道。间隙连接蛋白,也被称为连接蛋白,来自不同组织富集间隙连接的级分进行纯化不同。根据在核苷酸和氨基酸水平的序列相似性,间隙连接蛋白被分为两类,α和β。在这个基因的突变是负责预舌,隐性耳聋的多达50%。 [由RefSeq的,2008年10月提供]
GJB2基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
GJB2基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
---|
Gap junction assembly |
Gap junction trafficking |
Gap junction trafficking and regulation |
Membrane Trafficking |
Oligomerization of connexins into connexons |
Transport of connexins along the secretory pathway |
Transport of connexons to the plasma membrane |
Vesicle-mediated transport |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Mutilating keratoderma | 0.482171535 | 9 | 2 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Knuckle pads, leuconychia and sensorineural deafness | 0.480814326 | 4 | 2 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
Palmoplantar Keratoderma with Deafness | 0.480542884 | 6 | 3 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_ORPHANET_UNIPROT |
DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 1A (disorder) | 0.44 | 12 | 63 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_UNIPROT |
ICHTHYOSIS, HYSTRIX-LIKE, WITH DEAFNESS | 0.360271442 | 2 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 3A (disorder) | 0.36 | 7 | 10 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
Sensorineural Hearing Loss (disorder) | 0.344722344 | 172 | 8 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_RGD |
Senter syndrome | 0.328414698 | 32 | 4 | BeFree_CTD_human_MGD_UNIPROT |
Deafness | 0.213621751 | 120 | 0 | CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
hearing impairment | 0.150833106 | 75 | 0 | GAD_LHGDN |
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