IGHM (immunoglobulin heavy constant mu)

symbol:
IGHM
locus group:
other
location:
14q32.33
gene_family:
Immunoglobulin heavy locus at 14q32.33
alias symbol:
None
alias name:
None
entrez id:
3507
ensembl gene id:
ENSG00000211899
ucsc gene id:
uc059gdp.1
refseq accession:
NG_001019
hgnc_id:
HGNC:5541
approved reserved:
2001-06-22
14q32.33
基因染色体位置图

IGHM基因编码免疫球蛋白重链恒定区μ链,是B细胞受体(BCR)和分泌型抗体IgM的重要组成部分。它属于免疫球蛋白超家族(Immunoglobulin Superfamily),该家族成员均含有特征性的免疫球蛋白结构域,参与免疫识别、细胞粘附和信号传导。IGHM在B细胞发育早期阶段表达,是第一个产生的免疫球蛋白类型,对体液免疫的启动至关重要。其表达产物IgM以五聚体形式存在,具有强大的抗原结合能力和补体激活功能,是机体对抗原初次应答的主要抗体。IGHM基因突变会导致无丙种球蛋白血症或X连锁无丙种球蛋白血症(XLA),表现为B细胞发育阻滞、抗体产生缺陷和反复感染。IGHM过表达可能与某些B细胞恶性肿瘤如慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)相关,而表达降低则导致免疫缺陷。该基因位于14号染色体(14q32.33)的免疫球蛋白重链基因座内,与IGHG、IGHA等其他免疫球蛋白重链基因共同构成一个多基因家族,这些基因通过V(D)J重组产生抗体多样性,但恒定区具有不同的效应功能。IGHM缺陷会影响后续抗体类别转换,导致其他免疫球蛋白(如IgG、IgA)产生受阻。

Immunoglobulins (Ig) are the antigen recognition molecules of B cells. An Ig molecule is made up of 2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains (see MIM 147200) joined by disulfide bonds so that each heavy chain is linked to a light chain and the 2 heavy chains are linked together. Each Ig heavy chain has an N-terminal variable (V) region containing the antigen-binding site and a C-terminal constant (C) region, encoded by an individual C region gene, that determines the isotype of the antibody and provides effector or signaling functions. The heavy chain V region is encoded by 1 each of 3 types of genes: V genes (see MIM 147070), joining (J) genes (see MIM 147010), and diversity (D) genes (see MIM 146910). The C region genes are clustered downstream of the V region genes within the heavy chain locus on chromosome 14. The IGHM gene encodes the C region of the mu heavy chain, which defines the IgM isotype. Naive B cells express the transmembrane forms of IgM and IgD (see IGHD; MIM 1471770) on their surface. During an antibody response, activated B cells can switch to the expression of individual downstream heavy chain C region genes by a process of somatic recombination known as isotype switching. In addition, secreted Ig forms that act as antibodies can be produced by alternative RNA processing of the heavy chain C region sequences. Although the membrane forms of all Ig isotypes are monomeric, secreted IgM forms pentamers, and occasionally hexamers, in plasma (summary by Janeway et al., 2005).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2010]

免疫球蛋白(Ig)的是B细胞的抗原识别分子。 Ig分子是由2个相同的重链和2相同的轻链(参见MIM 147200)通过二硫键连接,使得每个重链连接到轻链和2条重链连接在一起。每个Ig重链具有包含抗原结合位点和一个C-末端恒定(C)的区域,由个人C区基因编码的N-末端可变(V)区,即决定了抗体的同种型,并提供了效应器或信令功能。重链V区是通过1编码的每个3种基因的:V基因(见MIM 147070),接合(J)的基因(见MIM 147010)和多样性(D)的基因(见MIM 146910)。 C区基因在染色体14的重链基因座内聚集的V区基因的下游的IGHM基因编码的μ重链,它定义了IgM同种型的C区。普通B细胞表达的IgM和IgD的跨膜形式(见IGHD; MIM 1471770),其表面上。期间的抗体反应,活化的B细胞可以通过被称为同种型转换体细胞重组的处理切换到个人下游重链C区的基因的表达。另外,分泌的免疫球蛋白形式充当抗体可以通过在重链C区序列替代RNA加工来制造。虽然所有的Ig同种型的膜形式是单体的,分泌的IgM形成五聚体,偶尔六聚体,在等离子体(摘要由詹韦等人,2005)。[由OMIM,2010年8月供给]

IGHM基因的碱基序列:[NCBI]
Loading Gene Browser...
IGHM基因的碱基突变:           仅显示部分snp

IGHM基因在不同组织中的表达:    [UniProt]

基因在不同组织中的表达图
正向引物序列
正向Tm值
反向引物序列
反向Tm值
评分
TTCCCATCAGTCCTGAGAG
58
CAGCAATCACTGGAAGAGG
58
CCTCTTCCAGTGATTGCTG
58
CAGATGAGCTTGGACTTGC
59
CTCTTCCAGTGATTGCTGAG
58
CAGATGAGCTTGGACTTGC
59
      尚未收录相关数据

IGHM基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:

[UniProt]     [GenomeNet]

" d="M482.414,245.296c3.539,4.293,4.455,10.009,0.202,11 c-4.244,0.996-4.983-10.983-8.293-8.438c-5.271,4.08,9.834,12.271,5.144,17.287c-3.717,3.607-6.172-5.75-10.839-1.976 c-4.673,3.776,6.781,7.299,2.831,11.326c-4.354,4.045-6.979-1.449-9.837-5.517c-1.193-1.742-2.059-3.851-3.595-2.748 c-1.516,1.078-1.854,1.795-0.938,3.666c2.374,4.854,9.235,10.119,5.156,12.535c-5.636,3.346-5.044-8.871-9.426-7.574 c-4.388,1.291,2.557,10.66-1.245,11.141c-4.089,0.545-3.483-10.239-6.979-8.575c-2.522,1.206-0.929,3.071-0.938,4.899 c0.004,1.32-0.964,3.6-2.372,4.062c-3.593,1.171-8.544-1.065-10.251-3.59c-6.04-8.93,0.396-15.997,4.639-7.015 c3.023,4.642,5.182,0.834,2.839-2.219c-1.032-1.354-4.309-5.901-0.781-7.252c2.904-1.113,4.271,1.941,5.985,4.592 c2.61,4.016,5.485,0.117,3.031-3.414c-1.828-2.633-2.74-3.803,3.156-7.42c6.405-4.369,6.52,3.869,10.077,0.646 c2.309-1.832-4.783-5.149,0.06-8.995c2.896-2.293,5.18,6.207,7.961,3.516c3.523-2.737-7.717-7.369,0.117-11.736 C473.413,240.77,480.519,242.891,482.414,245.296z"/> Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
  • 质膜
  • 细胞质
  • 细胞外
  • 高尔基体
  • 囊泡
  • 细胞骨架
  • 内质网
  • 细胞核
  • 内体
  • 溶酶体
  • 线粒体

IGHM基因的本体(GO)信息:

GO库代码
对应的蛋白质
来源代码
GO:0002250
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0003823
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0005515
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005615
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005615
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005886
P01871 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0006910
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0006911
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0006958
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0009897
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0009986
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0016021
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0019731
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0045087
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0050829
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0050853
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0050871
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0070062
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0070062
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0070062
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0071756
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0071756
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0071756
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0071757
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0072562
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0003697
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0031210
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0034987
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0042834
P01871 (UniProtKB)
IDA

可能调控 IGHM基因的相关microRNA:     

基因与其他基因之间的相互作用关系图
序号 作用方式 资源库来源/分值 基因名称 基因名称
疾病名称 关系值 NofPmids NofSnps 来源
疾病名称 关系值 NofPmids NofSnps 来源
AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA 1, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 0.12 0 0 CTD_human
Agammaglobulinemia, non-Bruton type 0.12 0 0 CLINVAR
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 0.00272435 1 0 LHGDN
Multiple Myeloma 0.00272435 1 0 LHGDN
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic 0.002367032 1 0 GAD
Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia 0.000542884 2 0 BeFree
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma 0.000271442 1 0 BeFree
CNS disorder 0.000271442 1 0 BeFree
Pain 0.000271442 1 0 BeFree

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