PAX5(Paired Box 5)是PAX基因家族的重要成员,属于转录因子家族,该家族以含有保守的“配对盒”(Paired Box)DNA结合域为特征,主要参与胚胎发育和组织分化的调控。PAX5在B细胞发育和功能维持中起核心作用,它通过调控下游靶基因(如CD19、BLNK等)的表达,促进B细胞谱系定向分化并抑制其向其他细胞类型转化。PAX5蛋白还包含部分同源结构域和转录激活/抑制域,能特异性结合DNA并招募其他调控蛋白形成复合物,主要作用于B细胞相关基因的启动子或增强子区域。若PAX5发生功能丧失性突变(如移码突变或错义突变),会导致B细胞发育阻滞(停滞于祖B细胞阶段),引发免疫缺陷;而染色体易位(如t(9;14)导致的PAX5过表达与B细胞恶性肿瘤(如急性淋巴细胞白血病、弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤)密切相关。PAX5杂合缺失的小鼠模型显示B细胞数量锐减,而条件性过表达则可能驱动淋巴瘤发生。PAX基因家族(含PAX1-9)的共性包括:通过配对盒域识别特定DNA序列调控发育相关基因,在器官形成(如神经系统、眼睛、免疫系统)中具有时空特异性表达模式,且多数成员突变会导致先天性畸形或癌症。例如PAX6缺失引起无虹膜症,PAX3/PAX7融合基因与横纹肌肉瘤相关。PAX5表达异常还会影响邻近基因(如ETV6、TCF3)的协同作用,破坏B细胞信号网络。在临床中,PAX5表达水平可作为B细胞肿瘤的诊断标志物,其突变谱分析有助于指导靶向治疗策略。
This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. Paired box transcription factors are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. This gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis and so the encoded protein may also play a role in neural development and spermatogenesis. This gene is located at 9p13, which is involved in t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocations recurring in small lymphocytic lymphomas of the plasmacytoid subtype, and in derived large-cell lymphomas. This translocation brings the potent E-mu enhancer of the IgH gene into close proximity of the PAX5 promoter, suggesting that the deregulation of transcription of this gene contributes to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]
该基因编码的配对盒(PAX)家族的转录因子的成员。此基因家族的主要特征是一种新颖的,高度保守的DNA结合基序,称为配对盒。配对盒转录因子是在早期发展的重要调节剂,并且被认为是有助于细胞恶性转化中的基因的表达的改变。这个基因编码的早期表达的B细胞谱系特异性激活蛋白,但B细胞分化的未晚期。其表达也已经在开发中枢神经系统和睾丸检测的,因此编码的蛋白质也可起到神经发育和精子发生的作用。该基因位于9p13,其涉及在叔(9; 14)(P13; Q32)易位在浆亚型的小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤的重复,并在衍生大细胞淋巴瘤。这种易位带来的IgH基因的强有力的E-MU增强到PAX5子附近,提示该基因的转录放松管制有助于这些淋巴瘤的发病机制。在多个转录剪接变异体导致编码不同亚型。 [由RefSeq的,2013年7月提供]
PAX5基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
PAX5基因的本体(GO)信息:
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia Lymphoma | 0.243800186 | 16 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
LEUKEMIA, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 3 | 0.24 | 0 | 1 | CLINVAR_ORPHANET |
Obesity | 0.123181358 | 4 | 1 | BeFree_GAD_GWASCAT |
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | 0.122909916 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
B-Cell Lymphomas | 0.006524536 | 15 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
Lymphoma | 0.005971721 | 22 | 0 | BeFree |
Multiple Myeloma | 0.005438769 | 10 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
Acute lymphocytic leukemia | 0.005428837 | 20 | 0 | BeFree |
Leukemogenesis | 0.004885954 | 18 | 0 | BeFree |
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | 0.004353001 | 7 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
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