GAL (galanin and GMAP prepropeptide)

Gene Basic Information

Gene Basic Information

symbol:
GAL
locus group:
protein-coding gene
location:
11q13.2
gene_family:
Endogenous ligands
alias symbol:
GMAP|GAL-GMAP|GLNN
alias name:
galanin-message-associated peptide
entrez id:
51083
ensembl gene id:
ENSG00000069482
ucsc gene id:
uc001oob.4
refseq accession:
NM_001479
hgnc_id:
HGNC:4114
approved reserved:
1993-06-22

Chromosome Location

Chromosome Location

11q13.2

Gene Summary

Gene Summary

GAL基因编码半乳糖苷酶（galactosidase），属于糖苷水解酶家族（glycoside hydrolase family），特别是GH27家族。该家族成员主要参与糖代谢，能够水解糖苷键，分解半乳糖苷类化合物。GAL基因表达的半乳糖苷酶在溶酶体中发挥作用，参与分解糖脂和糖蛋白中的半乳糖残基，对细胞代谢和能量平衡至关重要。该基因突变可能导致半乳糖苷酶活性降低或丧失，引发溶酶体贮积症，如GM1神经节苷脂贮积症，表现为神经退行性变、肝脾肿大和骨骼异常。GAL基因过表达可能加速糖类代谢，影响细胞能量供应，而表达降低则可能导致未降解底物积累，损害细胞功能。该基因家族（GH27）的共性包括保守的催化结构域和相似的底物特异性，主要作用于α-半乳糖苷键。GAL基因的功能异常还与法布里病等遗传病相关，表明其在脂质代谢中的重要性。研究该基因有助于理解溶酶体疾病机制并开发靶向疗法。

ChineseEnglish

Galanin is small neuropeptide that functions as a cellular messenger within the central and peripheral nervous systems, modulating diverse physiologic functions (Mechenthaler, 2008 [PubMed 18500643]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2009]

OMIM entry for GAL     Wikipedia entry for GAL

Gene Sequence

Gene Sequence

Nucleotide sequence of GAL:[NCBI]
Loading Gene Browser...

Encoded Protein

Encoded Protein

Protein Sequence
1MARGSALLLA SLLLAAALSA SAGLWSPAKE KRGWTLNSAG
41YLLGPHAVGN HRSFSDKNGL TSKRELRPED DMKPGSFDRS
81 IPENNIMRT IIEFLSFLHL KEAGALDRLL DLPAAASSED
121IERS
结构预测来自 AlphaFold DB（UniProt: P22466），颜色表示 pLDDT 置信度（深蓝高、黄橙低）。

Gene Variants

Gene Variants

SNP variants of GAL:           Showing partial SNPs
rs631097       rs694066       rs948852       rs948853       rs948854       rs1042577       rs1546309       rs1893679       rs2097042       rs2513279       rs3136537       rs3136538       rs3136539       rs3136540       rs3136541       rs3136542       rs4432027      

Gene Expression

Gene Expression

Tissue expression of GAL:    [UniProt]

Gene expression across tissues

Gene Primers

Gene Primers

Forward Primer
Forward Tm
Reverse Primer
Reverse Tm
Score
TCATTCAGCGACAAGAATGG
58
GACCTGTCAAAGCTTCCTG
58
ATTCAGCGACAAGAATGGC
58
GACCTGTCAAAGCTTCCTG
58
TGAAACCAGGAAGCTTTGAC
58
GATGCAAGAAAGACAGAAACTC
58

Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors

      No data available

Gene Ontology

Subcellular localization of GAL (and its protein):

[UniProt]     [GenomeNet]

" d="M482.414,245.296c3.539,4.293,4.455,10.009,0.202,11 c-4.244,0.996-4.983-10.983-8.293-8.438c-5.271,4.08,9.834,12.271,5.144,17.287c-3.717,3.607-6.172-5.75-10.839-1.976 c-4.673,3.776,6.781,7.299,2.831,11.326c-4.354,4.045-6.979-1.449-9.837-5.517c-1.193-1.742-2.059-3.851-3.595-2.748 c-1.516,1.078-1.854,1.795-0.938,3.666c2.374,4.854,9.235,10.119,5.156,12.535c-5.636,3.346-5.044-8.871-9.426-7.574 c-4.388,1.291,2.557,10.66-1.245,11.141c-4.089,0.545-3.483-10.239-6.979-8.575c-2.522,1.206-0.929,3.071-0.938,4.899 c0.004,1.32-0.964,3.6-2.372,4.062c-3.593,1.171-8.544-1.065-10.251-3.59c-6.04-8.93,0.396-15.997,4.639-7.015 c3.023,4.642,5.182,0.834,2.839-2.219c-1.032-1.354-4.309-5.901-0.781-7.252c2.904-1.113,4.271,1.941,5.985,4.592 c2.61,4.016,5.485,0.117,3.031-3.414c-1.828-2.633-2.74-3.803,3.156-7.42c6.405-4.369,6.52,3.869,10.077,0.646 c2.309-1.832-4.783-5.149,0.06-8.995c2.896-2.293,5.18,6.207,7.961,3.516c3.523-2.737-7.717-7.369,0.117-11.736 C473.413,240.77,480.519,242.891,482.414,245.296z"/> Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
  • plasma membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • extracellular
  • golgi
  • vesicle
  • cytoskeleton
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • nucleus
  • endosome
  • lysosome
  • mitochondrion

Gene Ontology (GO) terms for GAL:

GO ID
Protein
Source DB
GO:0004966
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IMP
GO:0005184
P22466 (UniProtKB)
NAS
GO:0005184
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005515
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005515
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IPI
GO:0005576
P22466 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005576
P22466 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005576
P22466 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005576
P22466 (UniProtKB)
TAS
GO:0005615
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0005794
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0006954
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0007218
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0007399
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0007631
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0010737
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0019933
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0030073
P22466 (UniProtKB)
NAS
GO:0030141
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IBA
GO:0031764
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0031765
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0031766
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0031943
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0032868
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0035902
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0042493
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043025
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0043065
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0043627
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0045944
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0050672
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IEA
GO:0051464
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:0051795
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:1902608
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA
GO:1902891
P22466 (UniProtKB)
IDA

Related microRNA

Related microRNA

microRNAs potentially regulating GAL:     

Gene Interactions

Gene Interactions

String
BioGrid
IntAct
mentha
Reactome
Loading…
Interacting Gene Interaction Source/Score

Gene Pathways

Gene Pathways

Related Diseases

Related Diseases

Disease Score NofPmids NofSnps Source
Disease Score NofPmids NofSnps Source
Hypertensive disease 0.2 2 0 CTD_human_RGD
Inflammation 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Neuralgia 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Tachycardia 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Hyperalgesia 0.12 1 0 CTD_human
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent 0.082638474 2 0 BeFree_GAD_RGD
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental 0.08 1 0 RGD
Mononeuropathies 0.08 1 0 RGD
Brain Ischemia 0.08 1 0 RGD
Alzheimer's Disease 0.005634266 4 0 BeFree_GAD_LHGDN

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