New approaches to BRCA1 mutation detection.

The development of technologies to identify quickly, efficiently, and inexpensively all possible heterozygous mutations and sequence variants in patient samples will play a crucial role in the future of medical genetics. In addition to the continued refinement of more established mutation detection protocols, several innovative methodologies recently have emerged with the potential to increase sample throughput as well as decrease the cost of mutational analysis. The allelic heterogeneity of BRCA1 mutations serves as an example of the considerable technical challenge in developing diagnostic tests for all possible sequence variants in large genes. We describe recent advances in methologies that have previously been or could be readily adapted for use in BRCA1 mutation detection. Special emphasis is placed on the use of high density oligonucleotide arrays (DNA chips) as tools for detecting sequence variations in BRCA1.