[Hereditary predispositions to gynaecological cancers].

The breast, ovary and endometrial cancers are hereditary in 5 to 10% of the cases. These genetic predisposition syndromes can be classified into two major classes: ovarian cancer and breast cancer predisposition family cases (genes BRCA1 and BRCA2) and family cases of colon cancer, endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer (Lynch syndrome or HNPCC) (genes hMLH1, hMSH2, hMLH6). The estimate of the family and individual risk can contribute in a determining manner to the management of these patients, by the practice of screening or an adapted prevention. Indeed, the risk of cancer of an individual having a positive test for a gene of predisposition to breast cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2) or to the colon cancer (hMLH1, hMSH2, hMLH6) lies between 50 and 70% at the age of 70 years. The indication of a genetic test must be discussed within the framework of an oncogenetic consultation. An individual and family medical management ranging from simple monitoring to prophylactic surgery is proposed to these predisposed people.