[The structural reorganization of chromatin as a process of its self-organization in eukaryotic cells and DNA repair problem].

Below were demonstrated the differences in the cell reaction of the chromosome loci transference induced by adaptive doses X-radiation in the cells nucleus in norm cells and in cells with repair process defect of the oncological patients and patients with hereditary disease. It was supposed that the transference of the homologous chromosome loci is necessary for the realization of the correct DNA's double strand repair. The chromosome loci transference in normal cells could be induced by different factors such as X-radiation, RNA-polymerize II repression by alpha-amanitin and possible by other factors. In cells with BSCA1 and BRCA2 genes mutations the chromosome loci transference could not be induced by the X-radiation, but it could be induced by the RNA-polymerize II repression by alpha-amanitin. The defect of the chromosome loci transference condition on genetics or the another determinatives and this defect could be the one of the important reasons of the genome instability. There was suggested the new conception of the mechanisms of the cell differentiation and cell chronological senescence. The vector of the cell differentiation mechanisms is the progressive chromatin condensation determined by the physical mechanisms, i.e., transformation from less probable (the stem cells) to more probable cell system state (the differentiated cells) and as a result of it changing of the genes transcription. The continued chromatin condensation (most pronounced in the old cells) decreases the probability of the realization of the DNA repair as the reason of the chromosome loci transference limitation. In this work are presented experimental and theoretical information that proves our conception.