Protein expression and methylation of DNA repair genes hMLH1, hMSH2, MGMT and BRCA1 and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in basal-like breast cancer.

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is characterized by aggressive behaviour; its genesis is the perturbation of DNA repair as a consequence of BRCA1 methylation or mutation. We comparatively evaluated alterations of DNA repair proteins and p53 between BLBC and non-BLBC cases.,Tumour sections from 104 BLBC and 89 non-BLBC patients were immunostained for hMLH1, hMSH2, MGMT, BRCA1 and p53. Methylation status of DNA repair genes was analysed by methylation-specific PCR, and p53 mutation was examined by direct sequencing. Immunoreactive levels of hMLH1 and MGMT were lower in BLBC, whereas the levels of hMSH2 and p53 were higher, compared to non-BLBC (P ≤ 0.014). Reduced expression of hMLH1 [hazard ratio (HR) 5.26, P = 0.001] and preserved expression of MGMT (HR 2.58, P = 0.039) proved to be independent predictors of poor survival in BLBC patients. DNA repair genes were methylated in approximately 20-40% of BLBCs without a significant relationship between their methylation and p53 mutation. BRCA1 methylation was associated with the loss of its protein expression (P = 0.004). MGMT methylation was linked to larger tumour size (P < 0.001).,Perturbations of the DNA repair system might be different between BLBC and non-BLBC. Alterations of hMLH1 and MGMT appear important for tumour progression and survival in BLBC patients.