Exploring Galectin‑3 as an Emerging Frontier in Biomarker Research for Clinical Trials Approaching Cardiovascular Diseases.

Research has consistently highlighted galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a leading biomarker candidate for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Within studies focused on atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease, Gal-3 has played a multifaceted role, from monitoring disease progression to predicting outcomes. This reanalysis highlights the association of Gal-3 with various clinical factors, pathophysiological processes, other biomarkers, and critical outcomes. To maximize the potential of Gal-3 in future research, a uniform methodology that ensures consistent and easily comparable results is essential. Furthermore, our results highlight the synergy between elevated Gal-3 levels and established diagnostic measures of heart failure (HF). In this review, we present a reanalysis that provides a seminal synthesis of clinical trials using Gal-3 as a measure or outcome measure and aims to both capture current understanding and pave the way for its increased clinical application.